Salajeet (Shilajit): A Natural Wonder from the Mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan

Author: Syed Shamsuddin

Introduction

Shilajit, known as Salajeet in Urdu, is a blackish-brown, tar-like resin that oozes from the cracks of rocks in high-altitude mountain ranges, particularly in Gilgit-Baltistan, the Himalayas, the Karakorams, and the Hindu Kush. Formed over centuries by the decomposition of plant material and minerals, this rare substance has been treasured in traditional medicine for its remarkable health benefits and rejuvenating properties.

During this scribe’s visits to various parts outside his native area of Gilgit-Baltistan, a great many people encountering him asked whether he could make a pint of Shilajit available to them. However, such a demand was always overlooked as he did not believe in the efficacy of this substance found in the mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan. Therefore, he often politely offered an evasive reply.

When he was in Rawalpindi in the line of duty about eighteen years ago, a retired official of PIAC (Pakistan International Airlines Corporation) made an emphatic request for a small purri of Shilajit whenever he visited his native area. His insistence was so appealing that the scribe could not help meeting his demand and brought three purri of Shilajit for him. Even at home, his family at times insisted that he use Shilajit, but he always avoided it.

Now, the growing demand for Shilajit across the country has led him to believe in its efficacy. Thus, he is coming up with this write-up highlighting its wonders.

Scientific Research on Shilajit

It appears that the late Ghulam Rasul, a distinguished agro-forester and author, was among the first to take a significant step in this regard. He engaged with the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories in Peshawar, requesting a laboratory analysis of a Shilajit sample.

The results, documented under Ref No. 406/122/1977-78 dated October 30, 1978, revealed the following composition:

• Organic Matter: Approximately 98%
• Water-Soluble Content: 70%
• Ash Content: 2%
• Chemical Constituents: Positive tests for phenol, steroids, and amino acids
• Major Elements in Ash: Magnesium, Iron, Calcium, and Aluminum

Further research conducted in India indicated that the vegetation surrounding Shilajit-exuding rock formations commonly included Euphorbia royleana (Dandathor). This plant was identified as the primary source of the organic components present in Shilajit. The study found that the organic compounds extracted from Shilajit were identical to those obtained from Euphorbia royleana, confirming its therapeutic properties.

Traditional Uses and Active Compounds

Shilajit has been traditionally used to treat hypertension, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, asthma, genitourinary infections, and nervous disorders. The specific compounds identified in its composition include:

• Steroidal Compounds: Euphol, taraxerol, β-sitosterol, taraxeryl acetate, and glut-5-en-3-β-yl acetate
• Hydroxy Acids: Benzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and three 3,4-benzocoumarins
• Amino Acids: Glycine, aspartic acid, methionine, asparagine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, along with eleven additional minor amino acids

The same compounds were also found in Euphorbia royleana, reinforcing the botanical link to Shilajit’s composition. According to Ghulam Rasul’s compendium, a prior detailed study on the subject was conducted by the Regional Laboratories, PCSIR, Lahore, with findings documented as early as August 15, 1964.

Collection and Extraction Process

The extraction or collection of Shilajit from the high and precipitous mountains involves a very dangerous process. This venture requires groups of more than two individuals, where they use a strong rope wrapped around the body of one of their most enterprising members.

This individual is carefully lowered from the top of the mountain to access the tipped spot where Shilajit is found. Once he reaches the collection area, he gathers the resin carefully, ensuring that it is properly secured before being pulled back up by his team. Due to the perilous nature of this work, collectors must have extensive knowledge of the terrain, physical endurance, and teamwork skills.

Composition and Active Ingredients

Shilajit is said to be rich in over 85 minerals, including iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc, making it a potent natural supplement. The key bioactive compound in Shilajit is fulvic acid, which enhances nutrient absorption and has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Other essential components include humic acid, dibenzo-alpha-pyrones, and trace elements that contribute to its efficacy.

Health Benefits and Efficacy

For centuries, Ayurvedic, Unani, and traditional herbal medicine have used Shilajit for various ailments. Modern research has validated many of these claims, highlighting its significant effects on human health:

1. Boosts Energy and Stamina
   Shilajit is a natural adaptogen that improves mitochondrial function, helping the body produce more energy. It is widely used to combat fatigue, weakness, and stress, making it popular among athletes and those with demanding lifestyles.

2. Enhances Cognitive Function
   The neuroprotective properties of Shilajit support brain health by reducing oxidative stress, enhancing memory, and potentially preventing Alzheimer’s disease. It helps in clearing toxic proteins from the brain and improves focus and concentration.

3. Supports Male Reproductive Health
   One of the most well-known uses of Shilajit is in addressing male infertility and low testosterone levels. Studies suggest that regular consumption enhances sperm count, motility, and overall reproductive health.

4. Promotes Anti-Aging and Longevity
   Shilajit has been traditionally regarded as an elixir of youth, aiding in cellular regeneration and slowing the aging process. The antioxidants and fulvic acid in it help combat free radicals, reducing wrinkles and promoting healthier skin.

5. Strengthens the Immune System
   Shilajit’s mineral content and bioactive compounds boost immune function, making the body more resilient against infections, colds, and environmental stressors.

6. Improves Heart Health
   By reducing bad cholesterol (LDL) and enhancing circulation, Shilajit may help prevent heart diseases and regulate blood pressure.

7. Aids in Joint and Bone Health
   With its high mineral content, Shilajit supports bone density, joint lubrication, and muscle recovery, making it beneficial for individuals suffering from arthritis, osteoporosis, and joint pain.

Growing Demand for Shilajit

With increasing awareness of natural and organic supplements, the global demand for Shilajit has surged. Some key factors driving its popularity include:

• Rise in Herbal and Natural Medicine Use: As people move away from synthetic drugs, herbal remedies like Shilajit are gaining popularity.
• Fitness and Wellness Trends: The demand among athletes, bodybuilders, and health-conscious individuals has significantly increased.
• Scientific Backing and Research: Growing studies validating its health benefits have led to higher consumer trust and market expansion.
• E-Commerce and Global Reach: Online platforms have made high-quality Shilajit from regions like Gilgit-Baltistan, Ladakh, Nepal, and Siberia accessible worldwide.

Challenges in Sourcing and Authenticity

Due to its rarity and demand, counterfeit and low-quality Shilajit products have flooded the market. Consumers should be cautious and ensure they purchase genuine, purified, and lab-tested Shilajit from reliable sources.

Conclusion

Shilajit remains one of the most revered natural substances in traditional and modern medicine, offering numerous health benefits. With scientific backing and rising global interest, it is likely to remain a sought-after natural remedy for overall well-being, energy, and longevity. However, ensuring authenticity and proper dosage is crucial for reaping its full benefits.